![]() Empyema may result as a complication of cardiothoracic surgery. Pneumonia is the most frequent cause of parapneumonic effusions and empyema thoracis. ![]() However, in some patients the parapneumonic effusion becomes fibrinous and later develops an infection, resulting in an empyema. Today, these parapneumonic effusions are not common because of prompt antibiotic therapy. At least 40-60% of patients with bacterial pneumonia will develop a pleural effusion of varying severity. Pleural effusions are common in patients who develop pneumonia.
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